![]() These components are used in the early stages of the manufacturing and are not present, or may only be present in trace amounts (residues) in the final vaccines. This culture media provides numerous nutritious elements and growth factors that may have been obtained from materials of animal origin, such as serum, milk and milk derivatives, gelatine, meat extract or extracts from other muscular tissues. Animal products used to make vaccinesīacterial cultures and viral cell lines need to be grown in special liquid called ‘culture media’, as do the bacterial, insect or mammalian cells that are used to express recombinant proteins. However, for some of these vaccines, cell lines (animal or bacterial) may be required during development and products derived from animals (such as enzymes) may be used earlier in the production process. ![]() Vaccines based on genetic material are an exception in that the DNA or RNA can be synthesised chemically. The cell lines used for these recombinant vaccines include yeast (hepatitis B vaccine) and insects (human papillomavirus vaccine). Other vaccines are made in cells that have undergone genetic modification (recombination) so that they express the protein from the target organism. The Church notes that the cells lines are distant from the initial termination, and states that acceptance of such vaccines where there is no appropriate alternative does not signify cooperation with abortion. The moral issues around the use of vaccines grown on fetal cell lines have been discussed within the Catholic Church. No fetal material is present in the final vaccine. Other fetal cell lines, collected in the 1970s and 1980s, have been used for other vaccines, including influenza and some of the new COVID-19 vaccines. ![]() This cell line is used to grow viruses for vaccines against rubella, chickenpox and hepatitis A. The best-known human cell line is MRC5 these cells derive from the lung of a 14-week-old male fetus from a pregnancy that was terminated for medical reasons in 1966. Using these cell lines avoids any ongoing harm to animals. Another animal cell line, now being used to make egg-free flu vaccine, was derived in 1958 from the kidney of a cocker spaniel. For example, measles vaccine is grown in chick embryo cells and polio vaccines are grown in a mouse cell line. These cell lines used to grow the virus will derive from a primary culture of cells from an organ of a single animal which has then been propagated repeatedly in the laboratory, often over many decades. Viruses need to grow in cells and so vaccine viruses are often grown in eggs (example influenza) or in cell lines derived from mammals, including humans. Vaccines are usually made by growing cultures of the target virus or bacterium. The other uses a lipid (fat) envelope to deliver the genetic code.Īs these vaccines do not contain the rest of the genes from the organism, they cannot cause the illness in those who are vaccinated, thus ensuring that the vaccine is very safe. One form uses a vector (a modified virus which cannot cause illness in the person vaccinated) to deliver a small amount of the pathogen’s genetic code ( DNA or RNA) into a cell. There are 2 main ways in which the genetic material is delivered into the cell. Newer vaccines are also being used where genetic material is delivered into the host cells and the body’s own cells then generate a protein from the target organism. All these vaccines are designed to safely protect people from potentially serious diseases. Vaccines may also be composed of purified fractions of these micro-organisms or even from selected components that are synthesised using DNA technology. ![]() Other vaccines contain micro-organisms which, although alive, are not able to cause serious disease (live attenuated vaccines). Some vaccines contain small amounts of viruses or bacteria that have been inactivated by chemical treatment – these ‘killed’ vaccines cannot cause the disease they prevent. Vaccines are life-saving medicinal products, which are given to protect individuals against serious infections. These products are essential to ensure the safety, potency and stability of the product and their use is highly regulated. ![]() Īs vaccines are generally complex biological products, a large number of animal derived products are often used in their manufacture. Many pharmaceutical products and devices that are commonly used to treat illnesses, use animal-based products to perform important functions including fillers, diluents, capsules and lubricants. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |